Behavioral variability and frequency-dependent selection.

BEHAVIORAL VARIABILITY 1 Behavioral variability measured using Likert and frequency based response formats

Punishment-induced behavioral and neurophysiological variability reveals dopamine-dependent selection of kinematic movement parameters.

Action selection describes the high-level process that selects between competing movements. In animals, behavioral variability is critical for the motor exploration required to select the action that optimizes reward and minimizes cost/punishment and is guided by dopamine (DA). The aim of this study was to test in humans whether low-level movement parameters are affected by punishment and rewar...

Frequency-dependent Chemotactic Target Selection

Chemotaxis usually involves cellular motion towards an exogenous, often static, source of chemoattractant. We demonstrate an enhanced mechanism in which a single particle (the cell) releases a chemical that diffuses to fixed particles (targets) and signals the production of another chemical by the targets. This secondary chemical acts as the cell’s chemoattractant. To reach a single target, we ...

Optimization under frequency-dependent selection.

We consider a model of frequency-dependent selection, which we refer to as the Wildcard Model. A variety of more specific models, representing quite diverse biological situations, are covered by the Wildcard Model as particular cases. Two very different particular models that are subsumed by the Wildcard Model are the game theoretically motivated two-phenotype model of Lessard [Lessard, S.,1984...

Trade-Off Geometries and Frequency-Dependent Selection

Life-history evolution is determined by the interplay between natural selection and adaptive constraints. The classical approach to studying constrained life-history evolution – Richard Levins’s geometric comparison of fitness sets and adaptive functions – is applicable when selection pressures are frequency-independent. Here we extend this widely used tool to frequency-dependent selection. Suc...